| Basmala
|
'In the Name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful'. |
| Dammah |
A small apostrophe-like shape written above a
letter. It represents a short vowel 'u' (like the 'u' sound in 'who'
but only stretched for 1 count). |
| Definite Article |
This is formed by adding the prefix "al" to the
noun. "Al" is equal to "the" in English and it should be connected
to the noun. |
| Fattah |
A short diagonal stroke written above a letter. It represents a short vowel
'a' (like the 'a' sound in hat). |
| Ghunnah |
The sound that is produced from the nose and the tongue is not used. The duration of the ghunnah sound is for 2 counts.
|
| Harakat
(pl. Harakaat) |
The vowel movements. |
| Idghaam |
The blending or assimilation of the sound of 2 letters.
|
| Ikhfaa |
The hiding or concealment of the sound of a letter. |
| Iqlaab |
The changing or turning of the sound of a letter. |
| Ith'haar |
The clarity of the sound of a letter. |
| Kasrah |
A short diagonal stroke written below a letter. It represents a short vowel
'i' (like the 'i' sound in 'bee' but only stretched for 1 count). |
| Lahn |
The incorrect pronunciation of a letter. |
| Madd |
The prolongation of the sound of a vowel.
|
| Makhraj
(pl. Makhaarij) |
The prescribed point of exit, or the point at which
the sound originates. |
| Muttaharrik |
A letter which carries a vowel. |
| Nunnation |
See 'Tanween'. |
| Shaddah |
A small 'w' written above a letter. This represents a letter that has been doubled, and therefore sounds stronger. |
| Sifa
(pl.Sifaat)
|
The manner of articulation (the characteristics of
the letters and recitation). |
| Sukoon (Saakin) |
A small semi or full circle written above a letter. This represents a letter which does not have a vowel. It also joins 2 letters. |
| Tafkheem |
Also known as full mouth or thick letters. The elevation of the back of the tongue, resulting in a thick sound. |
| Tajweed |
To improve, make better. The correct pronunciation during recitation. |
| Tanween |
Vowels that produce a "nn" sound immediately after it. |
| Tanween (Fattah) |
Known as 'fattatain', 2 fattahs written above a letter (like the
'an' sound in 'man'). It is usually supported by an alif.
|
| Tanween (Kasrah) |
Known as 'kasratain', 2 kasrahs written below a letter (like the
'in' sound in 'win').
|
| Tanween (dammah) |
Known as 'dammatain', 2 dammahs written above a letter (like the
'un' sound in 'bun'). |
| Tarqeeq
|
The opposite of 'tafkheem'. Also known as empty mouth or thin letters. The lowering of the back of the tongue, resulting in a flat sound.
|
| Tarteel |
The measured recitation of the Quran in rhythmic tones. |
| Ta'wawwuth |
'I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected shaitaan' |
| Waqf |
To pause or to make a stop by breaking off the breath at the end of the word. |
| Wasl |
The opposite of waqf. The joining of verses / sentences without stopping. |
